Relative Scales

Relative scales are two scales that share the same notes but have different tonics. We usually refer to the relationship between a major scale and its relative minor, and vice versa. The relative minor scale of a major scale is found by starting on the sixth note (or degree) of the major scale. Conversely, the relative major scale of a minor scale is found by starting on the third note (or degree) of the minor scale.

Examples of Relative Scales

To better understand this concept, let's look at some practical examples:

• C Major and A Minor:
  • C Major Scale: C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C
  • A Minor Scale: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A
• G Major and E Minor:
  • G Major Scale: G, A, B, C, D, E, F#, G
  • E Minor Scale: E, F#, G, A, B, C, D, E

Notice that both scales have the same notes, but the tonic (first note) is different.

How to Identify Relative Scales

To identify relative scales, we can follow some simple steps:

From Major to Relative Minor

• Find the sixth note of the major scale:
• This note will be the tonic of the relative minor scale.

For example, in the C Major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C), the sixth note is A. Therefore, the relative minor scale of C Major is A Minor.

From Minor to Relative Major

• Find the third note of the minor scale:
• This note will be the tonic of the relative major scale.

For example, in the A Minor scale (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A), the third note is C. Therefore, the relative major scale of A Minor is C Major.

Practical Applications of Relative Scales

Composition and Arrangement

Knowing relative scales is extremely useful for composers and arrangers. This is because switching between relative scales allows for smooth modulation between major and minor modes, maintaining the familiarity of the notes and providing emotional variation in the music.

Improvisation

For improvising musicians, such as guitarists and pianists, using relative scales can enrich improvisation. By understanding that relative major and minor scales contain the same notes, the musician can create more interesting and cohesive solos, alternating between the two scales without losing harmony.

Ear Training

Studying relative scales also helps with ear training. By practicing identifying and playing major scales and their relative minors, the musician develops a better understanding and perception of musical intervals and tonality.

Conclusion

Relative scales are an essential concept in music theory, offering a powerful tool for composition, improvisation, and ear training. Understanding and using relative scales can open up new creative possibilities for musicians of all levels. By exploring the relationships between major and minor scales, we enrich our musical vocabulary and enhance our artistic skills.